Ayodele OdutayoUniversity Health Network, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration: Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet395: 709–733, 202010.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3PubMed
GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration: Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 395: 709–733, 202010.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3PubMed)| false
WadaY, KidokoroK, KondoM, TokuyamaA, KadoyaH, NagasuH, et al.: Evaluation of glomerular hemodynamic changes by sodium-glucose-transporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic rats using in vivo imaging. Kidney Int106: 408–418, 202410.1016/j.kint.2024.05.006PubMed
WadaY, KidokoroK, KondoM, TokuyamaA, KadoyaH, NagasuH, : Evaluation of glomerular hemodynamic changes by sodium-glucose-transporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic rats using in vivo imaging. Kidney Int 106: 408–418, 202410.1016/j.kint.2024.05.006PubMed)| false
YauK, CherneyDZI, van RaalteDH, WeverBE: Kidney protective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors: Evidence for a hemodynamic effect. Kidney Int105: 1168–1172, 202410.1016/j.kint.2024.03.019PubMed
YauK, CherneyDZI, van RaalteDH, WeverBE: Kidney protective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors: Evidence for a hemodynamic effect. Kidney Int 105: 1168–1172, 202410.1016/j.kint.2024.03.019PubMed)| false
van BommelEJM, LytvynY, PerkinsBA, SoleymanlouN, FaganNM, Koitka-WeberA, et al.: Renal hemodynamic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in hyperfiltering people with type 1 diabetes and people with type 2 diabetes and normal kidney function. Kidney Int97: 631–635, 202010.1016/j.kint.2019.12.021PubMed
van BommelEJM, LytvynY, PerkinsBA, SoleymanlouN, FaganNM, Koitka-WeberA, : Renal hemodynamic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in hyperfiltering people with type 1 diabetes and people with type 2 diabetes and normal kidney function. Kidney Int 97: 631–635, 202010.1016/j.kint.2019.12.021PubMed)| false
CherneyDZI, CosentinoF, Dagogo-JackS, McGuireDK, PratleyRE, FrederichR, VERTIS CV Investigators, et al.: Initial eGFR changes with ertugliflozin and associations with clinical parameters: Analyses from the VERTIS CV trial. Am J Nephrol53: 516–525, 202210.1159/000524889PubMed
HeerspinkHJL, CherneyDZI: Clinical implications of an acute dip in eGFR after SGLT2 inhibitor initiation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol16: 1278–1280, 202110.2215/CJN.02480221PubMed
HeerspinkHJL, CherneyDZI: Clinical implications of an acute dip in eGFR after SGLT2 inhibitor initiation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 1278–1280, 202110.2215/CJN.02480221PubMed)| false
KrausBJ, WeirMR, BakrisGL, MattheusM, CherneyDZI, SattarN, et al.: Characterization and implications of the initial estimated glomerular filtration rate “dip” upon sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition with empagliflozin in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Kidney Int99: 750–762, 202110.1016/j.kint.2020.10.031PubMed
KrausBJ, WeirMR, BakrisGL, MattheusM, CherneyDZI, SattarN, : Characterization and implications of the initial estimated glomerular filtration rate “dip” upon sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition with empagliflozin in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Kidney Int 99: 750–762, 202110.1016/j.kint.2020.10.031PubMed)| false
MayneKJ, StaplinN, KeaneDF, WannerC, BrennerS, CejkaV, EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group, et al.: Effects of empagliflozin on fluid overload, weight, and blood pressure in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol35: 202–215, 202410.1681/ASN.0000000000000271PubMed
SenT, ScholtesR, GreasleyPJ, CherneyDZI, DekkersCCJ, VervloetM, et al.: Effects of dapagliflozin on volume status and systemic haemodynamics in patients with chronic kidney disease without diabetes: Results from DAPASALT and DIAMOND. Diabetes Obes Metab24: 1578–1587, 202210.1111/dom.14729PubMed
SenT, ScholtesR, GreasleyPJ, CherneyDZI, DekkersCCJ, VervloetM, : Effects of dapagliflozin on volume status and systemic haemodynamics in patients with chronic kidney disease without diabetes: Results from DAPASALT and DIAMOND. Diabetes Obes Metab 24: 1578–1587, 202210.1111/dom.14729PubMed)| false
CherneyDZI, DekkersCCJ, BarbourSJ, CattranD, Abdul GaforAH, GreasleyPJ, DIAMOND investigators, et al.: Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on proteinuria in non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (DIAMOND): A randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol8: 582–593, 202010.1016/S2213-8587(20)30162-5PubMed
PerkovicV, JardineMJ, NealB, BompointS, HeerspinkHJL, CharytanDM, CREDENCE Trial Investigators, et al.: Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med380: 2295–2306, 201910.1056/NEJMoa1811744PubMed
PerkovicV, JardineMJ, NealB, BompointS, HeerspinkHJL, CharytanDM, CREDENCE Trial Investigators, : Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 380: 2295–2306, 201910.1056/NEJMoa1811744PubMed)| false
HerringtonWG, StaplinN, WannerC, GreenJB, HauskeSJ, EmbersonJR, The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group, et al.: Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med388: 117–127, 202310.1056/NEJMoa2204233PubMed
BhattDL, SzarekM, PittB, CannonCP, LeiterLA, McGuireDK, SCORED Investigators, et al.: Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med384: 129–139, 202110.1056/NEJMoa2030186PubMed
SridharVS, BhattDL, OdutayoA, SzarekM, DaviesMJ, BanksP, et al.: Sotagliflozin and kidney outcomes, kidney function, and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes and CKD: A secondary analysis of the SCORED trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol19: 557–564, 202410.2215/CJN.0000000000000414PubMed
SridharVS, BhattDL, OdutayoA, SzarekM, DaviesMJ, BanksP, : Sotagliflozin and kidney outcomes, kidney function, and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes and CKD: A secondary analysis of the SCORED trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 19: 557–564, 202410.2215/CJN.0000000000000414PubMed)| false
Nuffield Department of Population Health Renal Studies Group: SGLT2 inhibitor meta-analysis cardio-renal trialists’ consortium. Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: Collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials. Lancet400: 1788–1801, 202210.1016/S0140-6736(22)02074-8PubMed
Nuffield Department of Population Health Renal Studies Group: SGLT2 inhibitor meta-analysis cardio-renal trialists’ consortium. Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: Collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 400: 1788–1801, 202210.1016/S0140-6736(22)02074-8PubMed)| false
HeerspinkHJL, CherneyD, PostmusD, StefánssonBV, ChertowGM, DwyerJP, DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators, et al.: A pre-specified analysis of the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized controlled trial on the incidence of abrupt declines in kidney function. Kidney Int101: 174–184, 202210.1016/j.kint.2021.09.005PubMed
HeerspinkHJL, CherneyD, PostmusD, StefánssonBV, ChertowGM, DwyerJP, DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators, : A pre-specified analysis of the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized controlled trial on the incidence of abrupt declines in kidney function. Kidney Int 101: 174–184, 202210.1016/j.kint.2021.09.005PubMed)| false
NeuenBL, OshimaM, AgarwalR, ArnottC, CherneyDZ, EdwardsR, et al.: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of hyperkalemia in people with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomized, controlled trials. Circulation145: 1460–1470, 202210.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057736PubMed
NeuenBL, OshimaM, AgarwalR, ArnottC, CherneyDZ, EdwardsR, : Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of hyperkalemia in people with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomized, controlled trials. Circulation 145: 1460–1470, 202210.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057736PubMed)| false
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group: KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int105: S117–S314, 202410.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018PubMed
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group: KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 105: S117–S314, 202410.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018PubMed)| false
YauK, OdutayoA, DashS, CherneyDZI: Biology and clinical use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in vascular protection. Can J Cardiol39: 1816–1838, 202310.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.007PubMed
YauK, OdutayoA, DashS, CherneyDZI: Biology and clinical use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in vascular protection. Can J Cardiol 39: 1816–1838, 202310.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.007PubMed)| false
CherneyDZI, HadjadjS, LawsonJ, MosenzonO, TuttleK, VrhnjakB, et al.: Hemoglobin A1c reduction with the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide is independent of baseline eGFR: Post hoc analysis of the SUSTAIN and PIONEER programs. Kidney Int Rep7: 2345–2355, 202210.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.167PubMed
CherneyDZI, HadjadjS, LawsonJ, MosenzonO, TuttleK, VrhnjakB, : Hemoglobin A1c reduction with the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide is independent of baseline eGFR: Post hoc analysis of the SUSTAIN and PIONEER programs. Kidney Int Rep 7: 2345–2355, 202210.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.167PubMed)| false
CherneyDZ, TuttleKR: Liraglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and safety in diabetic kidney disease: Liraglutide and diabetic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol15: 444–446, 202010.2215/CJN.01260120PubMed
CherneyDZ, TuttleKR: Liraglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and safety in diabetic kidney disease: Liraglutide and diabetic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 444–446, 202010.2215/CJN.01260120PubMed)| false
TuttleKR, Bosch-TrabergH, CherneyDZI, HadjadjS, LawsonJ, MosenzonO, et al.: Post hoc analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 trials suggests that people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk treated with semaglutide experience more stable kidney function compared with placebo. Kidney Int103: 772–781, 202310.1016/j.kint.2022.12.028PubMed
TuttleKR, Bosch-TrabergH, CherneyDZI, HadjadjS, LawsonJ, MosenzonO, : Post hoc analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 trials suggests that people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk treated with semaglutide experience more stable kidney function compared with placebo. Kidney Int 103: 772–781, 202310.1016/j.kint.2022.12.028PubMed)| false
ShamanAM, BainSC, BakrisGL, BuseJB, IdornT, MahaffeyKW, et al.: Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists semaglutide and liraglutide on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: Pooled analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER. Circulation145: 575–585, 202210.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055459PubMed
ShamanAM, BainSC, BakrisGL, BuseJB, IdornT, MahaffeyKW, : Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists semaglutide and liraglutide on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: Pooled analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER. Circulation 145: 575–585, 202210.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055459PubMed)| false
GersteinHC, ColhounHM, DagenaisGR, DiazR, LakshmananM, PaisP, REWIND Investigators, et al.: Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: An exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet394: 131–138, 201910.1016/S0140-6736(19)31150-XPubMed
PerkovicV, TuttleKR, RossingP, MahaffeyKW, MannJFE, BakrisG, FLOW Trial Committees and Investigators, et al.: Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med391: 109–121, 202410.1056/NEJMoa2403347PubMed
PerkovicV, TuttleKR, RossingP, MahaffeyKW, MannJFE, BakrisG, FLOW Trial Committees and Investigators, : Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 391: 109–121, 202410.1056/NEJMoa2403347PubMed)| false
ColhounHM, LingvayI, BrownPM, DeanfieldJ, Brown-FrandsenK, KahnSE, et al.: Long-term kidney outcomes of semaglutide in obesity and cardiovascular disease in the SELECT trial. Nat Med30: 2058–2066, 202410.1038/s41591-024-03015-5PubMed
ColhounHM, LingvayI, BrownPM, DeanfieldJ, Brown-FrandsenK, KahnSE, : Long-term kidney outcomes of semaglutide in obesity and cardiovascular disease in the SELECT trial. Nat Med 30: 2058–2066, 202410.1038/s41591-024-03015-5PubMed)| false
HeerspinkHJL, SattarN, PavoI, HauptA, DuffinKL, YangZ, et al.: Effects of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes in the SURPASS-4 trial: Post-hoc analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol10: 774–785, 202210.1016/S2213-8587(22)00243-1PubMed
HeerspinkHJL, SattarN, PavoI, HauptA, DuffinKL, YangZ, : Effects of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes in the SURPASS-4 trial: Post-hoc analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 10: 774–785, 202210.1016/S2213-8587(22)00243-1PubMed)| false
AlbakrRB, SridharVS, CherneyDZI: Novel therapies in diabetic kidney disease and risk of hyperkalemia: A review of the evidence from clinical trials. Am J Kidney Dis82: 737–742, 202310.1053/j.ajkd.2023.04.015PubMed
AlbakrRB, SridharVS, CherneyDZI: Novel therapies in diabetic kidney disease and risk of hyperkalemia: A review of the evidence from clinical trials. Am J Kidney Dis 82: 737–742, 202310.1053/j.ajkd.2023.04.015PubMed)| false
BakrisGL, AgarwalR, AnkerSD, PittB, RuilopeLM, RossingP, FIDELIO-DKD Investigators, et al.: Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med383: 2219–2229, 202010.1056/NEJMoa2025845PubMed
BakrisGL, AgarwalR, AnkerSD, PittB, RuilopeLM, RossingP, FIDELIO-DKD Investigators, : Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 383: 2219–2229, 202010.1056/NEJMoa2025845PubMed)| false
PittB, FilippatosG, AgarwalR, AnkerSD, BakrisGL, RossingP, FIGARO-DKD Investigators, et al.: Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med385: 2252–2263, 202110.1056/NEJMoa2110956PubMed
PittB, FilippatosG, AgarwalR, AnkerSD, BakrisGL, RossingP, FIGARO-DKD Investigators, : Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 385: 2252–2263, 202110.1056/NEJMoa2110956PubMed)| false
BakrisGL, RuilopeLM, AnkerSD, FilippatosG, PittB, RossingP, FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD Investigators, et al.: A prespecified exploratory analysis from FIDELITY examined finerenone use and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Kidney Int103: 196–206, 202310.1016/j.kint.2022.08.040PubMed
BakrisGL, RuilopeLM, AnkerSD, FilippatosG, PittB, RossingP, FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD Investigators, : A prespecified exploratory analysis from FIDELITY examined finerenone use and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Kidney Int 103: 196–206, 202310.1016/j.kint.2022.08.040PubMed)| false
OberprielerNG, KovesdyCP, LaytonJB, ThapaB, CurhanG, FarjatAE, et al.: Clinical outcomes in US patients initiating finerenone – A report from the FOUNTAIN platform. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation39[Suppl 1]: gfae069-1416–2022, 202410.1093/ndt/gfae069.1416
HeerspinkHJL, AgarwalR, BakrisGL, CherneyDZI, LamCSP, NeuenBL, FIND-CKD investigators, et al.: Design and baseline characteristics of the Finerenone, in addition to standard of care, on the progression of kidney disease in patients with Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease (FIND-CKD) randomized trial [published online ahead of print Jun 11, 2024]. Nephrol Dial Transplant doi:10.1093/ndt/gfae132PubMed
HeerspinkHJL, AgarwalR, BakrisGL, CherneyDZI, LamCSP, NeuenBL, FIND-CKD investigators, : Design and baseline characteristics of the Finerenone, in addition to standard of care, on the progression of kidney disease in patients with Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease (FIND-CKD) randomized trial [published online ahead of print Jun 11, 2024]. Nephrol Dial Transplant doi:10.1093/ndt/gfae132PubMed)| false
HeerspinkHJL, BirkenfeldAL, CherneyDZI, ColhounHM, JiL, MathieuC, et al.: Rationale and design of a randomised phase III registration trial investigating finerenone in participants with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: The FINE-ONE trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract204: 110908, 202310.1016/j.diabres.2023.110908PubMed
HeerspinkHJL, BirkenfeldAL, CherneyDZI, ColhounHM, JiL, MathieuC, : Rationale and design of a randomised phase III registration trial investigating finerenone in participants with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: The FINE-ONE trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 204: 110908, 202310.1016/j.diabres.2023.110908PubMed)| false
TuttleKR, HauskeSJ, CanzianiME, CaramoriML, CherneyD, CroninL, ASi in CKD group, et al.: Efficacy and safety of aldosterone synthase inhibition with and without empagliflozin for chronic kidney disease: A randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet403: 379–390, 202410.1016/S0140-6736(23)02408-XPubMed
TuttleKR, HauskeSJ, CanzianiME, CaramoriML, CherneyD, CroninL, ASi in CKD group, : Efficacy and safety of aldosterone synthase inhibition with and without empagliflozin for chronic kidney disease: A randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 403: 379–390, 202410.1016/S0140-6736(23)02408-XPubMed)| false
HeerspinkHJL, ParvingH-H, AndressDL, BakrisG, Correa-RotterR, HouF-F, SONAR Committees and Investigators, et al.: Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet393: 1937–1947, 201910.1016/S0140-6736(19)30772-XPubMed
HeerspinkHJL, KiyosueA, WheelerDC, LinM, WijkmarkE, CarlsonG, et al.: Zibotentan in combination with dapagliflozin compared with dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease (ZENITH-CKD): A multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 2b, clinical trial. Lancet402: 2004–2017, 202310.1016/S0140-6736(23)02230-4PubMed
RovinBH, BarrattJ, HeerspinkHJL, AlpersCE, BielerS, ChaeD-W, DUPRO steering committee and PROTECT Investigators, et al.: Efficacy and safety of sparsentan versus irbesartan in patients with IgA nephropathy (PROTECT): 2-year results from a randomised, active-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet402: 2077–2090, 202310.1016/S0140-6736(23)02302-4PubMed
RovinBH, BarrattJ, HeerspinkHJL, AlpersCE, BielerS, ChaeD-W, DUPRO steering committee and PROTECT Investigators, : Efficacy and safety of sparsentan versus irbesartan in patients with IgA nephropathy (PROTECT): 2-year results from a randomised, active-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 402: 2077–2090, 202310.1016/S0140-6736(23)02302-4PubMed)| false
ThompsonS, JamesM, WiebeN, HemmelgarnB, MannsB, KlarenbachS, Alberta Kidney Disease Network, et al.: Cause of death in patients with reduced kidney function. J Am Soc Nephrol26: 2504–2511, 201510.1681/ASN.2014070714PubMed
ThompsonS, JamesM, WiebeN, HemmelgarnB, MannsB, KlarenbachS, Alberta Kidney Disease Network, : Cause of death in patients with reduced kidney function. J Am Soc Nephrol 26: 2504–2511, 201510.1681/ASN.2014070714PubMed)| false
MarkPB, CarreroJJ, MatsushitaK, SangY, BallewSH, GramsME, et al.: Major cardiovascular events and subsequent risk of kidney failure with replacement therapy: A CKD Prognosis Consortium study. Eur Heart J44: 1157–1166, 202310.1093/eurheartj/ehac825PubMed
NealB, PerkovicV, MahaffeyKW, de ZeeuwD, FulcherG, EronduN, CANVAS Program Collaborative Group, et al.: Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med377: 644–657, 201710.1056/NEJMoa1611925PubMed
NealB, PerkovicV, MahaffeyKW, de ZeeuwD, FulcherG, EronduN, CANVAS Program Collaborative Group, : Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377: 644–657, 201710.1056/NEJMoa1611925PubMed)| false
WiviottSD, RazI, BonacaMP, MosenzonO, KatoET, CahnA, DECLARE–TIMI 58 Investigators, et al.: Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med380: 347–357, 201810.1056/NEJMoa1812389PubMed
ZelnikerTA, WiviottSD, RazI, ImK, GoodrichEL, BonacaMP, et al.: SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet393: 31–39, 201810.1016/S0140-6736(18)32590-XPubMed
ZelnikerTA, WiviottSD, RazI, ImK, GoodrichEL, BonacaMP, : SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet 393: 31–39, 201810.1016/S0140-6736(18)32590-XPubMed)| false
ArnettDK, BlumenthalRS, AlbertMA, BurokerA, GoldbergerZD, HahnEJ, et al.: 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation140: e596–e646, 201910.1161/CIR.0000000000000678PubMed
ArnettDK, BlumenthalRS, AlbertMA, BurokerA, GoldbergerZD, HahnEJ, : 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 140: e596–e646, 201910.1161/CIR.0000000000000678PubMed)| false
ViraniSS, NewbyLK, ArnoldSV, BittnerV, BrewerLC, DemeterSH, Peer Review Committee Members, et al.: 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: A report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation148: e9–e119, 202310.1161/CIR.0000000000001168PubMed
ViraniSS, NewbyLK, ArnoldSV, BittnerV, BrewerLC, DemeterSH, Peer Review Committee Members, : 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: A report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 148: e9–e119, 202310.1161/CIR.0000000000001168PubMed)| false
McMurrayJJV, SolomonSD, InzucchiSE, KøberL, KosiborodMN, MartinezFA, DAPA-HF Trial Committees and Investigators, et al.: Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med381: 1995–2008, 201910.1056/NEJMoa1911303PubMed
McMurrayJJV, SolomonSD, InzucchiSE, KøberL, KosiborodMN, MartinezFA, DAPA-HF Trial Committees and Investigators, : Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381: 1995–2008, 201910.1056/NEJMoa1911303PubMed)| false
SolomonSD, McMurrayJJV, ClaggettB, de BoerRA, DeMetsD, HernandezAF, DELIVER Trial Committees and Investigators, et al.: Dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med387: 1089–1098, 202210.1056/NEJMoa2206286PubMed
SolomonSD, McMurrayJJV, ClaggettB, de BoerRA, DeMetsD, HernandezAF, DELIVER Trial Committees and Investigators, : Dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 387: 1089–1098, 202210.1056/NEJMoa2206286PubMed)| false
BergDD, JhundPS, DochertyKF, MurphySA, VermaS, InzucchiSE, et al.: Time to clinical benefit of dapagliflozin and significance of prior heart failure hospitalization in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. JAMA Cardiol6: 499–507, 202110.1001/jamacardio.2020.7585PubMed
BergDD, JhundPS, DochertyKF, MurphySA, VermaS, InzucchiSE, : Time to clinical benefit of dapagliflozin and significance of prior heart failure hospitalization in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. JAMA Cardiol 6: 499–507, 202110.1001/jamacardio.2020.7585PubMed)| false
VaduganathanM, ClaggettBL, JhundP, de BoerRA, HernandezAF, InzucchiSE, et al.: Time to clinical benefit of dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: A prespecified secondary analysis of the DELIVER randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol7: 1259–1263, 202210.1001/jamacardio.2022.3750PubMed
VaduganathanM, ClaggettBL, JhundP, de BoerRA, HernandezAF, InzucchiSE, : Time to clinical benefit of dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: A prespecified secondary analysis of the DELIVER randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol 7: 1259–1263, 202210.1001/jamacardio.2022.3750PubMed)| false
HeidenreichPA, BozkurtB, AguilarD, AllenLA, ByunJJ, ColvinMM, et al.: 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation145: e895–e1032, 202210.1161/CIR.0000000000001063PubMed
HeidenreichPA, BozkurtB, AguilarD, AllenLA, ByunJJ, ColvinMM, : 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 145: e895–e1032, 202210.1161/CIR.0000000000001063PubMed)| false
JamesS, ErlingeD, StoreyRF, McGuireDK, de BelderM, ErikssonN, et al.: Dapagliflozin in myocardial infarction without diabetes or heart failure. NEJM Evid3: EVIDoa2300286, 202310.1056/EVIDoa2300286PubMed
MarsoSP, BainSC, ConsoliA, EliaschewitzFG, JódarE, BainSC, et al.: Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med375: 1834–1844, 201610.1056/NEJMoa1607141PubMed
MarsoSP, BainSC, ConsoliA, EliaschewitzFG, JódarE, BainSC, : Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375: 1834–1844, 201610.1056/NEJMoa1607141PubMed)| false
HusainM, BirkenfeldAL, DonsmarkM, DunganK, EliaschewitzFG, FrancoDR, PIONEER 6 Investigators, et al.: Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med381: 841–851, 201910.1056/NEJMoa1901118PubMed
HusainM, BirkenfeldAL, DonsmarkM, DunganK, EliaschewitzFG, FrancoDR, PIONEER 6 Investigators, : Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 381: 841–851, 201910.1056/NEJMoa1901118PubMed)| false
McGuireDK, BusuiRP, DeanfieldJ, InzucchiSE, MannJFE, MarxN, et al.: Effects of oral semaglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or chronic kidney disease: Design and baseline characteristics of SOUL, a randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab25: 1932–1941, 202310.1111/dom.15058PubMed
McGuireDK, BusuiRP, DeanfieldJ, InzucchiSE, MannJFE, MarxN, : Effects of oral semaglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or chronic kidney disease: Design and baseline characteristics of SOUL, a randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 25: 1932–1941, 202310.1111/dom.15058PubMed)| false
LincoffAM, Brown-FrandsenK, ColhounHM, DeanfieldJ, EmersonSS, EsbjergS, SELECT Trial Investigators, et al.: Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes. N Engl J Med389: 2221–2232, 202310.1056/NEJMoa2307563PubMed
MarsoSP, DanielsGH, Brown-FrandsenK, KristensenP, MannJFE, NauckMA, LEADER Trial Investigators, et al.: Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med375: 311–322, 201610.1056/NEJMoa1603827PubMed
AgarwalR, FilippatosG, PittB, AnkerSD, RossingP, JosephA, FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD investigators, et al.: Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: The FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur Heart J43: 474–484, 202210.1093/eurheartj/ehab777PubMed
AgarwalR, FilippatosG, PittB, AnkerSD, RossingP, JosephA, FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD investigators, : Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: The FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur Heart J 43: 474–484, 202210.1093/eurheartj/ehab777PubMed)| false
de BoerIH, KhuntiK, SaduskyT, TuttleKR, NeumillerJJ, RheeCM, et al.: Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes Care45: 3075–3090, 202210.2337/dci22-0027PubMed
de BoerIH, KhuntiK, SaduskyT, TuttleKR, NeumillerJJ, RheeCM, : Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes Care 45: 3075–3090, 202210.2337/dci22-0027PubMed)| false
BaigentC, LandrayMJ, ReithC, EmbersonJ, WheelerDC, TomsonC, SHARP Investigators, et al.: The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet377: 2181–2192, 201110.1016/S0140-6736(11)60739-3PubMed
BaigentC, LandrayMJ, ReithC, EmbersonJ, WheelerDC, TomsonC, SHARP Investigators, : The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 377: 2181–2192, 201110.1016/S0140-6736(11)60739-3PubMed)| false
HerringtonW, EmbersonJ, MihaylovaB, BlackwellL, ReithC, SolbuM, Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, et al.: Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: A meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol4: 829–839, 201610.1016/S2213-8587(16)30156-5PubMed
HerringtonW, EmbersonJ, MihaylovaB, BlackwellL, ReithC, SolbuM, Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, : Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: A meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4: 829–839, 201610.1016/S2213-8587(16)30156-5PubMed)| false
WannerC, TonelliM, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members: KDIGO clinical practice guideline for lipid management in CKD: Summary of recommendation statements and clinical approach to the patient. Kidney Int85: 1303–1309, 201410.1038/ki.2014.31PubMed
WannerC, TonelliM, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members: KDIGO clinical practice guideline for lipid management in CKD: Summary of recommendation statements and clinical approach to the patient. Kidney Int 85: 1303–1309, 201410.1038/ki.2014.31PubMed)| false
NeuenBL, HeerspinkHJL, VartP, ClaggettBL, FletcherRA, ArnottC, et al.: Estimated lifetime cardiovascular, kidney and mortality benefits of combination treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and non-steroidal MRA compared with conventional care in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Circulation149: 450–462, 202310.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067584PubMed
NeuenBL, HeerspinkHJL, VartP, ClaggettBL, FletcherRA, ArnottC, : Estimated lifetime cardiovascular, kidney and mortality benefits of combination treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and non-steroidal MRA compared with conventional care in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Circulation 149: 450–462, 202310.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067584PubMed)| false