Learning Objectives

• To review genetic and hereditary forms of kidney disease that present during childhood.
• To describe recent developments in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney disease, including dialysis and transplantation, in children.
• To define recent advances in the epidemiology and management of obesity and hypertension in children.

It is the policy of the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) that all individuals in a position to control the content of ASN's educational activities are expected to disclose all their and their life spouse/partner's financial relationships with “ineligible companies” within the prior 24 months as well as other non-financial interests. (“Ineligible companies” are those whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing health care products used by or on patients.) Participants should note that the use of products outside U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved labeling should be considered experimental and are advised to consult current prescribing information for approval indications.

The intent of this policy is not to prevent expert faculty with relevant relationship(s) with commercial interest(s) from involvement in educational activities, but rather to ensure that these activities promote quality and safety, are effective in improving medical practice, are based on valid content, and are independent of control from commercial interests and free of commercial bias. In addition, all faculty were instructed to provide balanced, scientifically rigorous, and evidence-based presentations.

ASN requires all individuals in a position to control content for this activity to complete disclosure forms on the ASN website. Responses are listed below.

Disclosures have been reviewed and assessed by ASN. All relationships with ineligible companies have been identified and all relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

View the full ASN Conflict of Interest and Disclosure Policy: https://www.asn-online.org/education/cme/coi-disclosure.pdf.

EDITORS:

Alice M. Sheridan, MD—Employer(s): Brigham and Women’s Hospital; No additional relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Martina M. McGrath, MBChB, FASN—Employer(s): Brigham and Women’s Hospital; VA Boston Medical Center; No additional relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

EDITORIAL AUTHORS:

Rupesh Raina, MD, FASN—Employer(s): Cleveland Clinic at Akron Genera Medical Center; No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Jodi M. Smith, MD, MPH—Employer(s): University of Washington; Advisory or Leadership Role: President ASPN, NAPRTCS Board of Directors; Associate Editor of Pediatric Transplantation

Tammy M. Brady, MD, PhD—Employer(s): Johns Hopkins University; Honoraria: Springer Nature (for co-editing a textbook); Advisory or Leadership Role: National Kidney Foundation of Maryland Medical Advisory Board; AAMI Sphygmomanometer Committee, co-chair; AMA Validated Device Listing Co-Chair; Sesame Workshop

AUTHORS:

Olivia Boyer, MD, PhD—Employer(s): Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades; APHP.Centre; Institut Imagine; Université Paris Cité; Consultancy: Alexion; Alnylam; Biocodex; CSL/Vifor; Novartis; Purespring; Advisory or Leadership Role: Alexion; Alnylam; Biocodex; CSL/Vifor; Purespring; Speakers Bureau: Alexion; Alnylam; Biocodex; CSL/Vifor; Purespring

Vimal Chadha, MD—Employer(s): Children's Mercy Kansas City; No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Eugen Yu-hin Chan, MBBS—Employer(s): Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong; No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Angelina Magreni Dixon, MD—Employer(s): University of Colorado School of Medicine; No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Shaarav A Ghose, MD—Employer(s): Northeast Ohio Medical University; No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Katherine Elizabeth Jones, MD—Employer(s): Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Sarah J. Kizilbash, MD, MS—Employer(s): University of Minnesota; Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Consultancy: SK Life Science and Apollomics, Inc (spouse). All consulting fees were paid to the institution. No personal compensation has been received for any of the above mentioned disclosures; Research Funding: My spouse reports grants from Orbus Therapeutics, Inc., Apollomics, Inc., Celgene, Wayshine Biopharma, Delmar Therapeutics, Inc., LOXO Oncology, Incyte, Nerviano Medical Sciences, all of which were paid to the institution and were used for clinical trial related expenses. I will receive research support from Eurofins Genomic. I am participating in a clinical trial sponsored by Akebia Therapeutics. I completed a research study sponsored by Diagnostic/Biotech Company, BioPorto

Ian Macumber, MD, MS—Employer(s): Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Ownership Interest: Alphabet, Amazon, Nvidia

Cozumel S. Pruette, MD, MHS—Employer(s): Johns Hopkins; No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Matthew Satariano, BS—No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Sidharth Kumar Sethi, MD, FASN—Employer(s): Medanta, The Medicity Hospital; No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Andrew M. South, MD, MS—Employer(s): Wake Forest University School of Medicine/Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist; Advisory or Leadership Role: The journals Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, Frontiers in Pediatrics, and Clinical Nephrology. The organizations the American Heart Association, the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology, and the International Pediatric Nephrology Association. All; Other Interests or Relationships: NIH grant funding.

Kjell Tullus, MD, PhD—Employer(s): Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; Consultancy: Travere

ASN STAFF:

Suzanne P. Armstrong, MA—Employer(s): American Society of Nephrology; No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Commercial Support

The nephSAP editorial team and the KSAP editorial board extend their sincere appreciation to the following reviewers. Their efforts and insights help improve the quality of these postgraduate education offerings. 

nephSAP Review Panel, Volume 23, Number 1, May 2024

• Olufemi A. Aduroja, MD, FASN, Hopewell Medical Center, PLLC, UNITED STATES
• Suceena Alexander, MD, MBBS, PhD, FASN, Christian Medical College, INDIA
• Taha Ayach, MD, FASN, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
• Shweta Bansal, MD, MBBS, FASN, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, UNITED STATES
• Nadiesda Costa, MD, FASN, MPH, Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, UNITED STATES
• Steven M. Gorbatkin, MD, PhD, FASN, Department of Veterans Affairs, UNITED STATES
• Susan Grossman, MD, Brooklyn VA & Staten Island Nephrology, UNITED STATES
• Aijaz A. Gundroo, MD, FASN, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, UNITED STATES
• Elizabeth A. Kendrick, MD, FASN, UCLA Health, UNITED STATES
• Daphne Harrington Knicely, MD, FASN, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, UNITED STATES
• Paul A. Kovach, MD, FASN, Columbus Nephrology, Inc., UNITED STATES
• Robert Nee, MD, FASN, National Capital Consortium, UNITED STATES
• Kevin P. O'Reilly, MD, FASN, Columbus Nephrology, Inc., UNITED STATES
• Nirupama Ramkumar, MD, MPH, FASN, University of Utah Health, UNITED STATES
• Rupam Ruchi, MD, FASN, University of Florida Medical Center, UNITED STATES
• Nagaraju Sarabu, MD, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, UNITED STATES
• Jeffrey I. Silberzweig, MD, FASN, The Rogosin Institute, UNITED STATES
• Gurmukteshwar Singh, MD, FASN, Geisinger Health System, UNITED STATES
• James Sondheimer, MD, FASN, Wayne State University School of Medicine, UNITED STATES
• Ekamol Tantisattamo, MD, MPH, FASN, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, UNITED STATES

Program Mission and Objectives

nephSAP® provides a learning vehicle for physicians, scientists, advanced practitioners, nurses, pharmacists, and other health professionals working and training in the field of nephrology to renew and refresh their clinical knowledge, diagnostic, and therapeutic skills. This enduring material provides learners challenging, clinically-oriented questions based on case vignettes, detailed learning objectives, a series of articles that review recent publications, and an editorial on an important and evolving topic. This combination of materials enables learners to rigorously assess their strengths and weaknesses in the broad domain of nephrology.

Target Audience

Physicians, scientists, advanced practitioners, nurses, pharmacists, and other health professionals working and training in the field of nephrology.

Accreditation Statements

In support of improving patient care, the American Society of Nephrology is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.

AMA Credit Designation Statement – Physicians: The American Society of Nephrology designates this internet activity (enduring material) for a maximum of 10.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

ABIM MOC Statement

Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to 10.0 MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine’s (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. Participants will earn MOC points equivalent to the amount of CME credits claimed for the activity. It is the CME activity provider’s responsibility to submit participant completion information to Joint Accreditation for the purpose of granting ABIM MOC credit. MOC points will be applied to only those ABIM candidates who have enrolled in the MOC program. It is your responsibility to complete the ABIM MOC enrollment process.

Original Release Date: May 2024

CME/MOC Termination Date: April 30, 2026 at 11:59 pm ET

Examination Available Online: On or before May 31, 2024

Estimated Time for Completion: 10 hours 

Self-Assessment Examination

• Answers with explanations are provided with a passing score after the first and/or second attempt
• This issue will be archived May 1, 2026, and answers with explanations will be posted on the ASN website

Method of Participation

• Read the entire issue that is supplemented by original articles in the reference lists.
• Complete the online self-assessment examination.
• Each participant is allowed two attempts to pass the examination (75% correct) for CME and MOC.
• Upon completion, review your score and incorrect answers and print your certificate.

Activity Evaluation, CE, and MOC

• Go to ASN eLEARNING CENTER (education.asn-online.org)
• Select MY ACTIVITIES from the left-hand navigation.
• Select the corresponding issue.
• Read all information on the Overview screen.
• Follow the onscreen instructions to:
  • Complete the Exam (i.e., post test),
  • Complete the Evaluation,
  • Claim credit/MOC, and
  • IMPORTANT: select the credit type that corresponds with your designation, and
  • Print a Certificate

Your ASN Transcript is available on the ASN website:

• Go to the ASN website and log in to your ASN Profile page
• Select the CME/CE Transcript tab
• View credits claimed or print a certificate with continuing education information for completed learning activities