Hypertension in Pregnancy
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Laura A. Magee Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, United Kingdom

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Peter von Dadelszen Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, United Kingdom

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  • 1

    Bello NA, Miller E, Cleary K, Wapner R, Shimbo D, Tita AT: Out of office blood pressure measurement in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Curr Hypertens Rep 20: 101, 2018 PubMed

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  • 2

    Waugh JJ, Gupta M, Rushbrook J, Halligan A, Shennan AH: Hidden errors of aneroid sphygmomanometers. Blood Press Monit 7: 309312, 2002 PubMed

  • 3

    STRIDEBP: STRIDE-BP: Validated BP monitors in pregnancy. Available at: https://stridebporg/bp=monitors. Accessed January 2, 2021

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  • 4

    Scott G, Gillon TE, Pels A, von Dadelszen P, Magee LA: Guidelines-similarities and dissimilarities: A systematic review of international clinical practice guidelines for pregnancy hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 226: S1222S1236, 2022 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.018PubMed

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  • 5

    Reddy M, Rolnik DL, Harris K, Li W, Mol BW, Da Silva Costa F, et al.: Challenging the definition of hypertension in pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 222: 606.e1606.e21, 2020

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  • 6

    Bone JN, Magee LA, Singer J, Nathan H, Qureshi RN, Sacoor C, et al.; CLIP study group: Blood pressure thresholds in pregnancy for identifying maternal and infant risk: A secondary analysis of Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trial data. Lancet Glob Health 9: e1119e1128, 2021 PubMed

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  • 7

    Tucker KL, Hodgkinson J, Wilson HM, Crawford C, Stevens R, Lay-Flurrie S, et al.: Current prevalence of self-monitoring of blood pressure during pregnancy: The BUMP Survey. J Hypertens 39: 9941001, 2021 PubMed

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  • 8

    Tucker KL, Bankhead C, Hodgkinson J, Roberts N, Stevens R, Heneghan C, et al.: How do home and clinic blood pressure readings compare in pregnancy? Hypertension 72: 686694, 2018 PubMed

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  • 9

    Chappell LC, Tucker KL, Galal U, Yu LM, Campbell H, Rivero-Arias O, et al.; BUMP 2 Investigators: Effect of self-monitoring of blood pressure on blood pressure control in pregnant individuals with chronic or gestational hypertension: The BUMP 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 327: 16661678, 2022 PubMed

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  • 10

    Magee LA, Brown MA, Hall DR, Gupte S, Hennessy A, Karumanchi SA, et al.: The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens 27: 148169, 2022 PubMed

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  • 11

    Green CR, Blake JM, Carson GD, Po L, Brown ARH, Friedman CL: Choosing wisely: SOGC’s top 10 recommendations. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 40: 716722, 2018 PubMed

  • 12

    Magee LA, Sharma S, Sevene E, Qureshi RN, Mallapur A, Macuácua SE, et al.; The Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia Study Group: Population-level data on antenatal screening for proteinuria; India, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ 98: 661670, 2020 PubMed

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  • 13

    Waugh J, Hooper R, Lamb E, Robson S, Shennan A, Milne F, et al.: Spot protein-creatinine ratio and spot albumin-creatinine ratio in the assessment of pre-eclampsia: A diagnostic accuracy study with decision-analytic model-based economic evaluation and acceptability analysis. Health Technol Assess 21: 190, 2017 PubMed

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  • 14

    von Dadelszen P, Payne B, Li J, Ansermino JM, Broughton Pipkin F, Côté AM, et al.; PIERS Study Group: Prediction of adverse maternal outcomes in pre-eclampsia: Development and validation of the fullPIERS model. Lancet 377: 219227, 2011 PubMed

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  • 15

    Johnson S, Gordijn S, Damhuis S, Ganzevoort W, Brown M, von Dadelszen P, et al.; ISSHP: Diagnosis and monitoring of white coat hypertension in pregnancy: An ISSHP Consensus Delphi Procedure. Hypertension 79: 9931005, 2022 PubMed

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  • 16

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    Rodrigues Â, Barata C, Marques I, Almeida MC: Diagnosis of white coat hypertension and pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy Hypertens 14: 121124, 2018 PubMed

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    Stergiou GS, Kario K, Kollias A, McManus RJ, Ohkubo T, Parati G, et al.: Home blood pressure monitoring in the 21st century. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 20: 11161121, 2018 PubMed

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  • 19

    Majak GB, Reisaeter AV, Zucknick M, Lorentzen B, Vangen S, Henriksen T, et al.: Preeclampsia in kidney transplanted women; Outcomes and a simple prognostic risk score system. PLoS One 12: e0173420, 2017 PubMed

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  • 20

    Bramham K, Parnell B, Nelson-Piercy C, Seed PT, Poston L, Chappell LC: Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 348: g2301, 2014 PubMed

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  • 21

    Hawkins L-AT, Brown MA, Mangos GJ, Davis GK: Transient gestational hypertension: Not always a benign event. Pregnancy Hypertens 2: 2227, 2012 PubMed

  • 22

    Rana S, Powe CE, Salahuddin S, Verlohren S, Perschel FH, Levine RJ, et al.: Angiogenic factors and the risk of adverse outcomes in women with suspected preeclampsia. Circulation 125: 911919, 2012 PubMed

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  • 23

    Chappell LC, Duckworth S, Seed PT, Griffin M, Myers J, Mackillop L, et al.: Diagnostic accuracy of placental growth factor in women with suspected preeclampsia: A prospective multicenter study. Circulation 128: 21212131, 2013 PubMed

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  • 24

    Zeisler H, Llurba E, Chantraine F, Vatish M, Staff AC, Sennström M, et al.: Predictive value of the sFlt-1:PlGF ratio in women with suspected preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 374: 1322, 2016 PubMed

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  • 25

    Duhig KE, Myers J, Seed PT, Sparkes J, Lowe J, Hunter RM, et al.; PARROT trial group: Placental growth factor testing to assess women with suspected pre-eclampsia: A multicentre, pragmatic, stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 393: 18071818, 2019 PubMed

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  • 26

    Bian X, Biswas A, Huang X, Lee KJ, Li TK, Masuyama H, et al.: Short-term prediction of adverse outcomes using the sFlt-1 (Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1)/PlGF (Placental Growth Factor) ratio in Asian women with suspected preeclampsia. Hypertension 74: 164172, 2019 PubMed

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  • 27

    Saudan P, Brown MA, Buddle ML, Jones M: Does gestational hypertension become pre-eclampsia? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 105: 11771184, 1998 PubMed

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    Garovic VD, White WM, Vaughan L, Saiki M, Parashuram S, Garcia-Valencia O, et al.: Incidence and long-term outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Am Coll Cardiol 75: 23232334, 2020 PubMed

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  • 29

    Magee LA, Nicolaides KH, von Dadelszen P: Preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 386: 18171832, 2022 PubMed

  • 30

    Homer CS, Brown MA, Mangos G, Davis GK: Non-proteinuric pre-eclampsia: A novel risk indicator in women with gestational hypertension. J Hypertens 26: 295302, 2008 PubMed

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  • 31

    Bramham K, Seed PT, Lightstone L, Nelson-Piercy C, Gill C, Webster P, et al.: Diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for pre-eclampsia in patients with established hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 89: 874885, 2016 PubMed

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  • 32

    Perni U, Sison C, Sharma V, Helseth G, Hawfield A, Suthanthiran M, et al.: Angiogenic factors in superimposed preeclampsia: A longitudinal study of women with chronic hypertension during pregnancy. Hypertension 59: 740746, 2012 PubMed

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  • 33

    National Guideline Alliance; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: Hypertension in pregnancy: [C] Evidence review for prediction of complications in pre-eclampsia. NICE guideline NG133, London, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2019. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng133/evidence/c-prediction-of-complications-in-preeclampsia-pdf-6836186128. Accessed December 29, 2021

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  • 34

    Lim S, Li W, Kemper J, Nguyen A, Mol B, Reddy M: Biomarkers and the prediction of adverse outcomes in preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 137: 7281, 2021 PubMed

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  • 35

    Rana S, Karumanchi SA, Lindheimer MD: Angiogenic factors in diagnosis, management, and research in preeclampsia. Hypertension 63: 198202, 2014 PubMed

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    Dröge LA, Perschel FH, Stütz N, Gafron A, Frank L, Busjahn A, et al.: Prediction of preeclampsia-related adverse outcomes with the sFlt-1 (Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1)/PlGF (Placental Growth Factor)-ratio in the clinical routine: A real-world study. Hypertension 77: 461471, 2021 PubMed

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  • 37

    Townsend R, Khalil A, Premakumar Y, Allotey J, Snell KIE, Chan C, et al.; IPPIC Network: Prediction of pre-eclampsia: Review of reviews. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 54: 1627, 2019 PubMed

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  • 38

    Giannakou K, Evangelou E, Papatheodorou SI: Genetic and non-genetic risk factors for pre-eclampsia: Umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 51: 720730, 2018 PubMed

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  • 39

    Yagel S, Cohen SM, Goldman-Wohl D: An integrated model of preeclampsia: A multifaceted syndrome of the maternal cardiovascular-placental-fetal array. Am J Obstet Gynecol 226: S963S972, 2022 PubMed

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  • 40

    Wright D, Wright A, Nicolaides KH: The competing risk approach for prediction of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 223: 1223.e7, 2020 PubMed

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    Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, Cabana M, Caughey AB, Davis EM, et al.; US Preventive Services Task Force: Aspirin use to prevent preeclampsia and related morbidity and mortality: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 326: 11861191, 2021 PubMed

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  • 42

    Bartsch E, Medcalf KE, Park AL, Ray JG; High Risk of Pre-eclampsia Identification Group: Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: Systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies. BMJ 353: i1753, 2016 PubMed

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  • 43

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  • 45

    Poon LC, Rolnik DL, Tan MY, Delgado JL, Tsokaki T, Akolekar R, et al.: ASPRE trial: Incidence of preterm pre-eclampsia in patients fulfilling ACOG and NICE criteria according to risk by FMF algorithm. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 51: 738742, 2018 PubMed

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  • 46

    The Fetal Medicine Foundation: Risk for preeclampsia. Available at: https://fetalmedicine.org/research/assess/preeclampsia/first-trimester. Accessed December 29, 2020

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  • 47

    Al-Rubaie Z, Askie LM, Ray JG, Hudson HM, Lord SJ: The performance of risk prediction models for pre-eclampsia using routinely collected maternal characteristics and comparison with models that include specialised tests and with clinical guideline decision rules: A systematic review. BJOG 123: 14411452, 2016 PubMed

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  • 48

    Wright A, Wright D, Syngelaki A, Georgantis A, Nicolaides KH: Two-stage screening for preterm preeclampsia at 11-13 weeks' gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 220: 197.e1197.e11, 2019

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  • 49

    Tong S, Kaitu’u-Lino TJ, Hastie R, Brownfoot F, Cluver C, Hannan N: Pravastatin, proton-pump inhibitors, metformin, micronutrients, and biologics: New horizons for the prevention or treatment of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 226: S1157S1170, 2022 PubMed

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  • 50

    Dobert M, Wright A, Varouxaki AN, Mu AC, Syngelaki A, Rehal A, et al.: STATIN trial: Predictive performance of competing-risk model in screening for pre-eclampsia at 35-37 weeks’ gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 59: 6975, 2022 PubMed

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  • 51

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  • 56

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  • 58

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  • 61

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  • 63

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  • 64

    Mallampati D, Grobman W, Rouse DJ, Werner EF: Strategies for prescribing aspirin to prevent preeclampsia: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Obstet Gynecol 134: 537544, 2019 PubMed

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  • 65

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  • 66

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  • 67

    Wright D, Nicolaides KH: Competing risks model for prediction of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 225: 205206, 2021 PubMed

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  • 69

    Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Singer J, Lee T, Rey E, Ross S, et al.; CHIPS Study Group: The CHIPS Randomized Controlled Trial (Control of Hypertension in Pregnancy Study): Is severe hypertension just an elevated blood pressure? Hypertension 68: 11531159, 2016 PubMed

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  • 72

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  • 73

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