MocroftA, LundgrenJD, RossM, FuxCA, ReissP, MoranneO, et al.; Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study: Cumulative and current exposure to potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals and development of chronic kidney disease in HIV-positive individuals with a normal baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate: A prospective international cohort study. Lancet HIV3: e23–e32, 2016PubMed
MocroftA, LundgrenJD, RossM, FuxCA, ReissP, MoranneO, ; Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study: Cumulative and current exposure to potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals and development of chronic kidney disease in HIV-positive individuals with a normal baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate: A prospective international cohort study. Lancet HIV3: e23–e32, 2016PubMed)| false
GuaraldiG, MalagoliA, CalcagnoA, MussiC, CelesiaBM, CarliF, et al.: The increasing burden and complexity of multi-morbidity and polypharmacy in geriatric HIV patients: A cross sectional study of people aged 65-74 years and more than 75 years. BMC Geriatr18: 99, 2018PubMed
GuaraldiG, MalagoliA, CalcagnoA, MussiC, CelesiaBM, CarliF, : The increasing burden and complexity of multi-morbidity and polypharmacy in geriatric HIV patients: A cross sectional study of people aged 65-74 years and more than 75 years. BMC Geriatr18: 99, 2018PubMed)| false
MocroftA, LundgrenJD, RossM, LawM, ReissP, KirkO, et al.; D:A:D study group; Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort; INSIGHT study group; SMART study group; ESPRIT study group: Development and validation of a risk score for chronic kidney disease in HIV infection using prospective cohort data from the D:A:D study. PLoS Med12: e1001809, 2015PubMed
MocroftA, LundgrenJD, RossM, LawM, ReissP, KirkO, ; D:A:D study group; Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort; INSIGHT study group; SMART study group; ESPRIT study group: Development and validation of a risk score for chronic kidney disease in HIV infection using prospective cohort data from the D:A:D study. PLoS Med12: e1001809, 2015PubMed)| false
SwanepoelCR, AttaMG, D’AgatiVD, EstrellaMM, FogoAB, NaickerS, et al.; Conference Participants: Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: Conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference. Kidney Int93: 545–559, 2018PubMed
SwanepoelCR, AttaMG, D’AgatiVD, EstrellaMM, FogoAB, NaickerS, ; Conference Participants: Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: Conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference. Kidney Int93: 545–559, 2018PubMed)| false
RaoTK, FilipponeEJ, NicastriAD, LandesmanSH, FrankE, ChenCK, et al.: Associated focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med310: 669–673, 1984PubMed
WinstonJA, BruggemanLA, RossMD, JacobsonJ, RossL, D’AgatiVD, et al.: Nephropathy and establishment of a renal reservoir of HIV type 1 during primary infection. N Engl J Med344: 1979–1984, 2001PubMed
WinstonJA, BruggemanLA, RossMD, JacobsonJ, RossL, D’AgatiVD, : Nephropathy and establishment of a renal reservoir of HIV type 1 during primary infection. N Engl J Med344: 1979–1984, 2001PubMed)| false
BruggemanLA, DikmanS, MengC, QuagginSE, CoffmanTM, KlotmanPE: Nephropathy in human immunodeficiency virus-1 transgenic mice is due to renal transgene expression. J Clin Invest100: 84–92, 1997PubMed
BruggemanLA, DikmanS, MengC, QuagginSE, CoffmanTM, KlotmanPE: Nephropathy in human immunodeficiency virus-1 transgenic mice is due to renal transgene expression. J Clin Invest100: 84–92, 1997PubMed)| false
PapetaN, KirylukK, PatelA, SterkenR, KacakN, SnyderHJ, et al.: APOL1 variants increase risk for FSGS and HIVAN but not IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol22: 1991–1996, 2011PubMed
PapetaN, KirylukK, PatelA, SterkenR, KacakN, SnyderHJ, : APOL1 variants increase risk for FSGS and HIVAN but not IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol22: 1991–1996, 2011PubMed)| false
AttaMG, EstrellaMM, SkoreckiKL, KoppJB, WinklerCA, WasserWG, et al.: Association of APOL1 genotype with renal histology among black HIV-positive patients undergoing kidney biopsy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol11: 262–270, 2016PubMed
AttaMG, EstrellaMM, SkoreckiKL, KoppJB, WinklerCA, WasserWG, : Association of APOL1 genotype with renal histology among black HIV-positive patients undergoing kidney biopsy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol11: 262–270, 2016PubMed)| false
KasembeliAN, DuarteR, RamsayM, MosianeP, DickensC, Dix-PeekT, et al.: APOL1 risk variants are strongly associated with HIV-associated nephropathy in black South Africans. J Am Soc Nephrol26: 2882–2890, 2015PubMed
KasembeliAN, DuarteR, RamsayM, MosianeP, DickensC, Dix-PeekT, : APOL1 risk variants are strongly associated with HIV-associated nephropathy in black South Africans. J Am Soc Nephrol26: 2882–2890, 2015PubMed)| false
EstrellaMM, LiM, TinA, AbrahamAG, ShlipakMG, PenugondaS, et al.: The association between APOL1 risk alleles and longitudinal kidney function differs by HIV viral suppression status. Clin Infect Dis60: 646–652, 2015PubMed
EstrellaMM, LiM, TinA, AbrahamAG, ShlipakMG, PenugondaS, : The association between APOL1 risk alleles and longitudinal kidney function differs by HIV viral suppression status. Clin Infect Dis60: 646–652, 2015PubMed)| false
AttaMG, EstrellaMM, KupermanM, FoyMC, FineDM, RacusenLC, et al.: HIV-associated nephropathy patients with and without apolipoprotein L1 gene variants have similar clinical and pathological characteristics. Kidney Int82: 338–343, 2012PubMed
AttaMG, EstrellaMM, KupermanM, FoyMC, FineDM, RacusenLC, : HIV-associated nephropathy patients with and without apolipoprotein L1 gene variants have similar clinical and pathological characteristics. Kidney Int82: 338–343, 2012PubMed)| false
MallipattuSK, SalemF, WyattCM: The changing epidemiology of HIV-related chronic kidney disease in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Kidney Int86: 259–265, 2014PubMed
MallipattuSK, SalemF, WyattCM: The changing epidemiology of HIV-related chronic kidney disease in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Kidney Int86: 259–265, 2014PubMed)| false
LucasGM, EustaceJA, SozioS, MentariEK, AppiahKA, MooreRD: Highly active antiretroviral therapy and the incidence of HIV-1-associated nephropathy: A 12-year cohort study. AIDS18: 541–546, 2004PubMed
LucasGM, EustaceJA, SozioS, MentariEK, AppiahKA, MooreRD: Highly active antiretroviral therapy and the incidence of HIV-1-associated nephropathy: A 12-year cohort study. AIDS18: 541–546, 2004PubMed)| false
BerlinerAR, FineDM, LucasGM, RahmanMH, RacusenLC, ScheelPJ, et al.: Observations on a cohort of HIV-infected patients undergoing native renal biopsy. Am J Nephrol28: 478–486, 2008PubMed
KoechMK, OwitiMOG, Owino-Ong’orWD, KoskeiAK, KaroneyMJ, D’AgatiVD, et al.: Absence of HIV-associated nephropathy among antiretroviral naive adults with persistent albuminuria in western Kenya. Kidney Int Rep2: 159–164, 2016PubMed
KoechMK, OwitiMOG, Owino-Ong’orWD, KoskeiAK, KaroneyMJ, D’AgatiVD, : Absence of HIV-associated nephropathy among antiretroviral naive adults with persistent albuminuria in western Kenya. Kidney Int Rep2: 159–164, 2016PubMed)| false
KudoseS, SantorielloD, BombackAS, StokesMB, BatalI, MarkowitzGS, et al.: The spectrum of kidney biopsy findings in HIV-infected patients in the modern era. Kidney Int97: 1006–1016, 2020PubMed
KudoseS, SantorielloD, BombackAS, StokesMB, BatalI, MarkowitzGS, : The spectrum of kidney biopsy findings in HIV-infected patients in the modern era. Kidney Int97: 1006–1016, 2020PubMed)| false
LucasGM, RossMJ, StockPG, ShlipakMG, WyattCM, GuptaSK, et al.; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America: Clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic kidney disease in patients infected with HIV: 2014 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis59: e96–e138, 2014PubMed
LucasGM, RossMJ, StockPG, ShlipakMG, WyattCM, GuptaSK, ; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America: Clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic kidney disease in patients infected with HIV: 2014 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis59: e96–e138, 2014PubMed)| false
SawinskiD, FordeKA, LockeJE, CohenJB, WeldonJ, ShultsJ, et al.: Race but not hepatitis C co-infection affects survival of HIV+ individuals on dialysis in contemporary practice. Kidney Int93: 706–715, 2018PubMed
SawinskiD, FordeKA, LockeJE, CohenJB, WeldonJ, ShultsJ, : Race but not hepatitis C co-infection affects survival of HIV+ individuals on dialysis in contemporary practice. Kidney Int93: 706–715, 2018PubMed)| false
LockeJE, MehtaS, ReedRD, MacLennanP, MassieA, NelloreA, et al.: A national study of outcomes among HIV-infected kidney transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol26: 2222–2229, 2015PubMed
LockeJE, MehtaS, ReedRD, MacLennanP, MassieA, NelloreA, : A national study of outcomes among HIV-infected kidney transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol26: 2222–2229, 2015PubMed)| false
LockeJE, GustafsonS, MehtaS, ReedRD, SheltonB, MacLennanPA, et al.: Survival benefit of kidney transplantation in HIV-infected patients. Ann Surg265: 604–608, 2017PubMed
MullerE, BardayZ, MendelsonM, KahnD: HIV-positive-to-HIV-positive kidney transplantation: Results at 3 to 5 years. N Engl J Med372: 613–620, 2015PubMed
MullerE, BardayZ, MendelsonM, KahnD: HIV-positive-to-HIV-positive kidney transplantation: Results at 3 to 5 years. N Engl J Med372: 613–620, 2015PubMed)| false
HaasM, KaulS, EustaceJA: HIV-associated immune complex glomerulonephritis with “lupus-like” features: A clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. Kidney Int67: 1381–1390, 2005PubMed
FoyMC, EstrellaMM, LucasGM, TahirF, FineDM, MooreRD, et al.: Comparison of risk factors and outcomes in HIV immune complex kidney disease and HIV-associated nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol8: 1524–1532, 2013PubMed
FoyMC, EstrellaMM, LucasGM, TahirF, FineDM, MooreRD, : Comparison of risk factors and outcomes in HIV immune complex kidney disease and HIV-associated nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol8: 1524–1532, 2013PubMed)| false
Global Hepatitis Report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization 2017. Available at: https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitis-report2017/en/. Accessed March 20, 2020)| false
Viral Hepatitis Surveillance - United States, 2017. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2017 November 14, 2019. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2017surveillance/index.htm. Accessed March 20, 2020)| false
CicardiM, CesanaB, Del NinnoE, PappalardoE, SiliniE, AgostoniA, et al.: Prevalence and risk factors for the presence of serum cryoglobulins in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat7: 138–143, 2000PubMed
CicardiM, CesanaB, Del NinnoE, PappalardoE, SiliniE, AgostoniA, : Prevalence and risk factors for the presence of serum cryoglobulins in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat7: 138–143, 2000PubMed)| false
RutledgeSM, ChungRT, SiseME: Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemic syndrome and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. Hemodial Int22[Suppl 1]: S81–S96, 2018PubMed
RutledgeSM, ChungRT, SiseME: Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemic syndrome and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. Hemodial Int22[Suppl 1]: S81–S96, 2018PubMed)| false
TrejoO, Ramos-CasalsM, García-CarrascoM, YagüeJ, JiménezS, de la RedG, et al.: Cryoglobulinemia: Study of etiologic factors and clinical and immunologic features in 443 patients from a single center. Medicine (Baltimore)80: 252–262, 2001PubMed
TrejoO, Ramos-CasalsM, García-CarrascoM, YagüeJ, JiménezS, de la RedG, : Cryoglobulinemia: Study of etiologic factors and clinical and immunologic features in 443 patients from a single center. Medicine (Baltimore)80: 252–262, 2001PubMed)| false
De VitaS, QuartuccioL, IsolaM, MazzaroC, ScainiP, LenziM, et al.: A randomized controlled trial of rituximab for the treatment of severe cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum64: 843–853, 2012PubMed
De VitaS, QuartuccioL, IsolaM, MazzaroC, ScainiP, LenziM, : A randomized controlled trial of rituximab for the treatment of severe cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum64: 843–853, 2012PubMed)| false
SnellerMC, HuZ, LangfordCA: A randomized controlled trial of rituximab following failure of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum64: 835–842, 2012PubMed
SnellerMC, HuZ, LangfordCA: A randomized controlled trial of rituximab following failure of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum64: 835–842, 2012PubMed)| false
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (CKD-MBD) Update Work Group: KDIGO 2017 clinical practice guideline update for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD.Kidney Int Suppl (2011)7: 1–59, 2017PubMed
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (CKD-MBD) Update Work Group: KDIGO 2017 clinical practice guideline update for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD.Kidney Int Suppl (2011)7: 1–59, 2017PubMed)| false
SaadounD, PolS, FerfarY, AlricL, HezodeC, Si AhmedSN, et al..: Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir for treatment of HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(1):49-52 e5
SaadounD, PolS, FerfarY, AlricL, HezodeC, Si AhmedSN, .: Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir for treatment of HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Gastroenterology
. 2017;153(1):49-52 e5)| false
EmeryJS, KuczynskiM, LaD, AlmarzooqiS, KowgierM, ShahH, et al.: Efficacy and safety of direct acting antivirals for the treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia. Am J Gastroenterol112: 1298–1308, 2017PubMed
EmeryJS, KuczynskiM, LaD, AlmarzooqiS, KowgierM, ShahH, : Efficacy and safety of direct acting antivirals for the treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia. Am J Gastroenterol112: 1298–1308, 2017PubMed)| false
JadoulM, BerenguerMC, DossW, FabriziF, IzopetJ, JhaV, et al.: Executive summary of the 2018 KDIGO hepatitis C in CKD guideline: Welcoming advances in evaluation and management. Kidney Int94: 663–673, 2018PubMed
JadoulM, BerenguerMC, DossW, FabriziF, IzopetJ, JhaV, : Executive summary of the 2018 KDIGO hepatitis C in CKD guideline: Welcoming advances in evaluation and management. Kidney Int94: 663–673, 2018PubMed)| false
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO): KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int SupplApr: S1–S99, 2008PubMed
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO): KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int SupplApr: S1–S99, 2008PubMed)| false
MisianiR, BellavitaP, FeniliD, VicariO, MarchesiD, SironiPL, et al.: Interferon alfa-2a therapy in cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C virus. N Engl J Med330: 751–756, 1994PubMed
CasatoM, AgnelloV, PucilloLP, KnightGB, LeoniM, Del VecchioS, et al.: Predictors of long-term response to high-dose interferon therapy in type II cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Blood90: 3865–3873, 1997PubMed
CasatoM, AgnelloV, PucilloLP, KnightGB, LeoniM, Del VecchioS, : Predictors of long-term response to high-dose interferon therapy in type II cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Blood90: 3865–3873, 1997PubMed)| false
MazzaroC, ZoratF, CaizziM, DonadaC, Di GennaroG, MasoLD, et al.: Treatment with peg-interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: A pilot study. J Hepatol42: 632–638, 2005PubMed
MazzaroC, ZoratF, CaizziM, DonadaC, Di GennaroG, MasoLD, : Treatment with peg-interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: A pilot study. J Hepatol42: 632–638, 2005PubMed)| false
HadziyannisSJ, SetteHJr, MorganTR, BalanV, DiagoM, MarcellinP, et al.; PEGASYS International Study Group: Peginterferon-alpha2a and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C: A randomized study of treatment duration and ribavirin dose. Ann Intern Med140: 346–355, 2004PubMed
HadziyannisSJ, SetteHJr, MorganTR, BalanV, DiagoM, MarcellinP, ; PEGASYS International Study Group: Peginterferon-alpha2a and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C: A randomized study of treatment duration and ribavirin dose. Ann Intern Med140: 346–355, 2004PubMed)| false
CacoubP, LidoveO, MaisonobeT, DuhautP, ThibaultV, GhillaniP, et al.: Interferon-alpha and ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus-related systemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum46: 3317–3326, 2002PubMed
DammaccoF, TucciFA, LaulettaG, GattiP, De ReV, ConteducaV, et al.: Pegylated interferon-alpha, ribavirin, and rituximab combined therapy of hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia: A long-term study. Blood116: 343–353, 2010PubMed
QuartuccioL, SoardoG, RomanoG, ZajaF, ScottCA, De MarchiG, et al.: Rituximab treatment for glomerulonephritis in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia: Efficacy and safety in the absence of steroids. Rheumatology (Oxford)45: 842–846, 2006PubMed
QuartuccioL, SoardoG, RomanoG, ZajaF, ScottCA, De MarchiG, : Rituximab treatment for glomerulonephritis in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia: Efficacy and safety in the absence of steroids. Rheumatology (Oxford)45: 842–846, 2006PubMed)| false
SansonnoD, De ReV, LaulettaG, TucciFA, BoiocchiM, DammaccoF: Monoclonal antibody treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to interferon alpha with an anti-CD20. Blood101: 3818–3826, 2003PubMed
SansonnoD, De ReV, LaulettaG, TucciFA, BoiocchiM, DammaccoF: Monoclonal antibody treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to interferon alpha with an anti-CD20. Blood101: 3818–3826, 2003PubMed)| false
GragnaniL, PilusoA, UrraroT, FabbrizziA, FognaniE, PetracciaL, et al.: Virological and clinical response to interferon-free regimens in patients with HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia: Preliminary results of a prospective pilot study. Curr Drug Targets18: 772–785, 2017PubMed
GragnaniL, PilusoA, UrraroT, FabbrizziA, FognaniE, PetracciaL, : Virological and clinical response to interferon-free regimens in patients with HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia: Preliminary results of a prospective pilot study. Curr Drug Targets18: 772–785, 2017PubMed)| false
SaadounD, ThibaultV, Si AhmedSN, AlricL, MalletM, GuillaudC, et al.: Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis: VASCUVALDIC study. Ann Rheum Dis75: 1777–1782, 2016PubMed
SaadounD, ThibaultV, Si AhmedSN, AlricL, MalletM, GuillaudC, : Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis: VASCUVALDIC study. Ann Rheum Dis75: 1777–1782, 2016PubMed)| false
GragnaniL, VisentiniM, FognaniE, UrraroT, De SantisA, PetracciaL, et al.: Prospective study of guideline-tailored therapy with direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. Hepatology64: 1473–1482, 2016PubMed
GragnaniL, VisentiniM, FognaniE, UrraroT, De SantisA, PetracciaL, : Prospective study of guideline-tailored therapy with direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. Hepatology64: 1473–1482, 2016PubMed)| false
MauroE, QuartuccioL, GhersettiM, LenziM, GittoS, AndreoneP, et al.: Direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy of HCV, effects on the cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: A multicenter open label study. Dig Liver Dis49: E32, 2017
MauroE, QuartuccioL, GhersettiM, LenziM, GittoS, AndreoneP, : Direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy of HCV, effects on the cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: A multicenter open label study. Dig Liver Dis49: E32, 2017)| false
CerretelliG, GragnaniL, MontiM, ArenaU, FognaniE, PetracciaL, et al.: Sofosbuvir/ribavirin treatment in patients with genotype 2, hepatitis C virus infection and symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinemia: An interim analysis on safety, efficacy and impact on quality of life. J Hepatol66: S505, 2017
CerretelliG, GragnaniL, MontiM, ArenaU, FognaniE, PetracciaL, : Sofosbuvir/ribavirin treatment in patients with genotype 2, hepatitis C virus infection and symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinemia: An interim analysis on safety, efficacy and impact on quality of life. J Hepatol66: S505, 2017)| false
DiakiteM, Hartig-LavieK, MiailhesP, PradatP, UhresAC, ZoulimF, et al.: Benefit of direct-acting antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected and HIV-HCV coinfected patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. J Hepatol66: S528–S529, 2017
BonacciM, LensS, LondonoMC, MarinoZ, CidMC, Ramos-CasalsM, et al.: Virologic, clinical, and immune response outcomes of patients with hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemia treated with direct-acting antivirals. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol15: 575–583, 2017PubMed
RothD, NelsonDR, BruchfeldA, LiapakisA, SilvaM, MonsourHJr, et al.: Grazoprevir plus elbasvir in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease (the C-SURFER study): A combination phase 3 study. Lancet386: 1537–1545, 2015PubMed
RothD, NelsonDR, BruchfeldA, LiapakisA, SilvaM, MonsourHJr, : Grazoprevir plus elbasvir in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease (the C-SURFER study): A combination phase 3 study. Lancet386: 1537–1545, 2015PubMed)| false
GaneE, LawitzE, PugatchD, PapatheodoridisG, BräuN, BrownA, et al.: Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in patients with HCV and severe renal impairment. N Engl J Med377: 1448–1455, 2017PubMed
GaneE, LawitzE, PugatchD, PapatheodoridisG, BräuN, BrownA, : Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in patients with HCV and severe renal impairment. N Engl J Med377: 1448–1455, 2017PubMed)| false
LawitzE, FlisiakR, AbunimehM, SiseME, ParkJY, KaskasM, et al.: Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in renally impaired patients with chronic HCV infection. Liver Int40: 1032–1041, 2020PubMed
RothD, BloomRD, MolnarMZ, ReesePP, SawinskiD, SiseME, et al.: KDOQI US commentary on the 2018 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C. Am J Kidney Dis75: 665–683, 2020PubMed
RothD, BloomRD, MolnarMZ, ReesePP, SawinskiD, SiseME, : KDOQI US commentary on the 2018 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C. Am J Kidney Dis75: 665–683, 2020PubMed)| false
FayedA, El NokeetyMM, Samy AbdelazizT, SamirHH, HamzaWM, El ShabonyT: Incidence and characteristics of de novo renal cryoglobulinemia after direct-acting antivirals treatment in an Egyptian hepatitis C cohort. Nephron140: 275–281, 2018PubMed
FayedA, El NokeetyMM, Samy AbdelazizT, SamirHH, HamzaWM, El ShabonyT: Incidence and characteristics of de novo renal cryoglobulinemia after direct-acting antivirals treatment in an Egyptian hepatitis C cohort. Nephron140: 275–281, 2018PubMed)| false
HoganJJ, LimMA, PalmerMB, BloomRD, ChungRT, SiseME: Development of proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis during direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology66: 658–660, 2017PubMed
HoganJJ, LimMA, PalmerMB, BloomRD, ChungRT, SiseME: Development of proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis during direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology66: 658–660, 2017PubMed)| false
MarkowitzGS, ChengJT, ColvinRB, TrebbinWM, D’AgatiVD: Hepatitis C viral infection is associated with fibrillary glomerulonephritis and immunotactoid glomerulopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol9: 2244–2252, 1998PubMed
MarkowitzGS, ChengJT, ColvinRB, TrebbinWM, D’AgatiVD: Hepatitis C viral infection is associated with fibrillary glomerulonephritis and immunotactoid glomerulopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol9: 2244–2252, 1998PubMed)| false
NasrSH, ValeriAM, CornellLD, FidlerME, SethiS, LeungN, et al.: Fibrillary glomerulonephritis: A report of 66 cases from a single institution. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol6: 775–784, 2011PubMed
NasrSH, ValeriAM, CornellLD, FidlerME, SethiS, LeungN, : Fibrillary glomerulonephritis: A report of 66 cases from a single institution. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol6: 775–784, 2011PubMed)| false
JiF, LiZ, GeH, DengH: Successful interferon-α treatment in a patient with IgA nephropathy associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Intern Med49: 2531–2532, 2010PubMed
JiF, LiZ, GeH, DengH: Successful interferon-α treatment in a patient with IgA nephropathy associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Intern Med49: 2531–2532, 2010PubMed)| false
CombesB, ShoreyJ, BarreraA, StastnyP, EigenbrodtEH, HullAR, et al.: Glomerulonephritis with deposition of Australia antigen-antibody complexes in glomerular basement membrane. Lancet2: 234–237, 1971PubMed
LaiKN, LiPK, LuiSF, AuTC, TamJS, TongKL, : Membranous nephropathy related to hepatitis B virus in adults. N Engl J Med324: 1457–1463, 1991PubMed)| false
MoonJY, LeeSH: Treatment of hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy: Lamivudine era versus post-lamivudine era. Korean J Intern Med (Korean Assoc Intern Med)27: 394–396, 2012PubMed
MoonJY, LeeSH: Treatment of hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy: Lamivudine era versus post-lamivudine era. Korean J Intern Med (Korean Assoc Intern Med)27: 394–396, 2012PubMed)| false
ConjeevaramHS, HoofnagleJH, AustinHA, ParkY, FriedMW, Di BisceglieAM: Long-term outcome of hepatitis B virus-related glomerulonephritis after therapy with interferon alfa. Gastroenterology109: 540–546, 1995PubMed
ConjeevaramHS, HoofnagleJH, AustinHA, ParkY, FriedMW, Di BisceglieAM: Long-term outcome of hepatitis B virus-related glomerulonephritis after therapy with interferon alfa. Gastroenterology109: 540–546, 1995PubMed)| false
ChungDR, YangWS, KimSB, YuE, ChungYH, LeeY, et al.: Treatment of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis with recombinant human alpha interferon. Am J Nephrol17: 112–117, 1997PubMed
ChungDR, YangWS, KimSB, YuE, ChungYH, LeeY, : Treatment of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis with recombinant human alpha interferon. Am J Nephrol17: 112–117, 1997PubMed)| false
ChangTT, GishRG, de ManR, GadanoA, SollanoJ, ChaoYC, et al.; BEHoLD AI463022 Study Group: A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med354: 1001–1010, 2006PubMed
ChangTT, GishRG, de ManR, GadanoA, SollanoJ, ChaoYC, ; BEHoLD AI463022 Study Group: A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med354: 1001–1010, 2006PubMed)| false
WangL, YeZ, LiangH, ZhangB, XuL, FengZ, et al.: The combination of tacrolimus and entecavir improves the remission of HBV-associated glomerulonephritis without enhancing viral replication. Am J Transl Res8: 1593–1600, 2016PubMed
WangL, YeZ, LiangH, ZhangB, XuL, FengZ, : The combination of tacrolimus and entecavir improves the remission of HBV-associated glomerulonephritis without enhancing viral replication. Am J Transl Res8: 1593–1600, 2016PubMed)| false
LaiKN, TamJS, LinHJ, LaiFM: The therapeutic dilemma of the usage of corticosteroid in patients with membranous nephropathy and persistent hepatitis B virus surface antigenaemia. Nephron54: 12–17, 1990PubMed
LaiKN, TamJS, LinHJ, LaiFM: The therapeutic dilemma of the usage of corticosteroid in patients with membranous nephropathy and persistent hepatitis B virus surface antigenaemia. Nephron54: 12–17, 1990PubMed)| false
LaiFM, TamJS, LiPK, LaiKN: Replication of hepatitis B virus with corticosteroid therapy in hepatitis B virus related membranous nephropathy. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol414: 279–284, 1989PubMed
LaiFM, TamJS, LiPK, LaiKN: Replication of hepatitis B virus with corticosteroid therapy in hepatitis B virus related membranous nephropathy. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol414: 279–284, 1989PubMed)| false
MichalakT: Immune complexes of hepatitis B surface antigen in the pathogenesis of periarteritis nodosa: A study of seven necropsy cases. Am J Pathol90: 619–632, 1978PubMed
MichalakT: Immune complexes of hepatitis B surface antigen in the pathogenesis of periarteritis nodosa: A study of seven necropsy cases. Am J Pathol90: 619–632, 1978PubMed)| false
LaiKN, LaiFM: Clinical features and the natural course of hepatitis B virus-related glomerulopathy in adults. Kidney Int Suppl35: S40–S45, 1991PubMed)| false
TrepoC, GuillevinL: Polyarteritis nodosa and extrahepatic manifestations of HBV infection: The case against autoimmune intervention in pathogenesis. J Autoimmun16: 269–274, 2001PubMed
TrepoC, GuillevinL: Polyarteritis nodosa and extrahepatic manifestations of HBV infection: The case against autoimmune intervention in pathogenesis. J Autoimmun16: 269–274, 2001PubMed)| false
GuillevinL, LhoteF, CohenP, SauvagetF, JarrousseB, LortholaryO, et al.: Polyarteritis nodosa related to hepatitis B virus: A prospective study with long-term observation of 41 patients. Medicine (Baltimore)74: 238–253, 1995PubMed
GuillevinL, LhoteF, CohenP, SauvagetF, JarrousseB, LortholaryO, : Polyarteritis nodosa related to hepatitis B virus: A prospective study with long-term observation of 41 patients. Medicine (Baltimore)74: 238–253, 1995PubMed)| false
PagnouxC, SerorR, HenegarC, MahrA, CohenP, Le GuernV, et al.; French Vasculitis Study Group: Clinical features and outcomes in 348 patients with polyarteritis nodosa: A systematic retrospective study of patients diagnosed between 1963 and 2005 and entered into the French Vasculitis Study Group Database. Arthritis Rheum62: 616–626, 2010PubMed
PagnouxC, SerorR, HenegarC, MahrA, CohenP, Le GuernV, ; French Vasculitis Study Group: Clinical features and outcomes in 348 patients with polyarteritis nodosa: A systematic retrospective study of patients diagnosed between 1963 and 2005 and entered into the French Vasculitis Study Group Database. Arthritis Rheum62: 616–626, 2010PubMed)| false
GuillevinL, MahrA, CallardP, GodmerP, PagnouxC, LerayE, et al.; French Vasculitis Study Group: Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa: Clinical characteristics, outcome, and impact of treatment in 115 patients. Medicine (Baltimore)84: 313–322, 2005PubMed
GuillevinL, MahrA, CallardP, GodmerP, PagnouxC, LerayE, ; French Vasculitis Study Group: Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa: Clinical characteristics, outcome, and impact of treatment in 115 patients. Medicine (Baltimore)84: 313–322, 2005PubMed)| false
MukhtyarC, GuillevinL, CidMC, DasguptaB, de GrootK, GrossW, et al.; European Vasculitis Study Group: EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis68: 310–317, 2009PubMed
MukhtyarC, GuillevinL, CidMC, DasguptaB, de GrootK, GrossW, ; European Vasculitis Study Group: EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis68: 310–317, 2009PubMed)| false
SunIO, HongYA, ParkHS, ChoiSR, ChungBH, ParkCW, et al.: Clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy and hepatitis B surface antigen. Ren Fail35: 446–451, 2013PubMed
SunIO, HongYA, ParkHS, ChoiSR, ChungBH, ParkCW, : Clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy and hepatitis B surface antigen. Ren Fail35: 446–451, 2013PubMed)| false
ZhouTB, JiangZP: Is there an association of hepatitis B virus infection with minimal change disease of nephrotic syndrome? A clinical observational report. Ren Fail37: 459–461, 2015PubMed
ZhouTB, JiangZP: Is there an association of hepatitis B virus infection with minimal change disease of nephrotic syndrome? A clinical observational report. Ren Fail37: 459–461, 2015PubMed)| false
ChengY, LuoR, WangK, ZhangM, WangZ, DongL, et al.: Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int97: 829–838, 2020
ChengY, LuoR, WangK, ZhangM, WangZ, DongL, : Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int97: 829–838, 2020)| false
NasrSH, MarkowitzGS, StokesMB, SaidSM, ValeriAM, D’AgatiVD: Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the modern era: Experience with 86 adults and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore)87: 21–32, 2008PubMed
NasrSH, MarkowitzGS, StokesMB, SaidSM, ValeriAM, D’AgatiVD: Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the modern era: Experience with 86 adults and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore)87: 21–32, 2008PubMed)| false
ShimizuY, SakuraiH, HirayamaK, SekiM, YohK, YamagataK, et al.: Staphylococcal cell membrane antigen, a possible antigen in post-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection nephritis and IgA nephropathy, exhibits high immunogenic activity that is enhanced by superantigen. J Nephrol18: 249–256, 2005PubMed
ShimizuY, SakuraiH, HirayamaK, SekiM, YohK, YamagataK, : Staphylococcal cell membrane antigen, a possible antigen in post-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection nephritis and IgA nephropathy, exhibits high immunogenic activity that is enhanced by superantigen. J Nephrol18: 249–256, 2005PubMed)| false
NasrSH, FidlerME, ValeriAM, CornellLD, SethiS, ZollerA, et al.: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the elderly. J Am Soc Nephrol22: 187–195, 2011PubMed
SatoskarAA, SuleimanS, AyoubI, HemmingerJ, ParikhS, BrodskySV, et al.: Staphylococcus infection-associated GN: Spectrum of IgA staining and prevalence of ANCA in a single-center cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol12: 39–49, 2017PubMed
SatoskarAA, SuleimanS, AyoubI, HemmingerJ, ParikhS, BrodskySV, : Staphylococcus infection-associated GN: Spectrum of IgA staining and prevalence of ANCA in a single-center cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol12: 39–49, 2017PubMed)| false
MontsenyJJ, MeyrierA, KleinknechtD, CallardP: The current spectrum of infectious glomerulonephritis: Experience with 76 patients and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore)74: 63–73, 1995PubMed
MontsenyJJ, MeyrierA, KleinknechtD, CallardP: The current spectrum of infectious glomerulonephritis: Experience with 76 patients and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore)74: 63–73, 1995PubMed)| false
BatsfordSR, MezzanoS, MihatschM, SchiltzE, Rodríguez-IturbeB: Is the nephritogenic antigen in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis pyrogenic exotoxin B (SPE B) or GAPDH?Kidney Int68: 1120–1129, 2005PubMed
BatsfordSR, MezzanoS, MihatschM, SchiltzE, Rodríguez-IturbeB: Is the nephritogenic antigen in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis pyrogenic exotoxin B (SPE B) or GAPDH?Kidney Int68: 1120–1129, 2005PubMed)| false
Rodríguez-IturbeB, BatsfordS: Pathogenesis of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis a century after Clemens von Pirquet. Kidney Int71: 1094–1104, 2007PubMed
Rodríguez-IturbeB, BatsfordS: Pathogenesis of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis a century after Clemens von Pirquet. Kidney Int71: 1094–1104, 2007PubMed)| false
SorgerK, BalunJ, HübnerFK, KöhlerH, OlbingH, SchulzW, et al.: The garland type of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis: Morphological characteristics and follow-up studies. Clin Nephrol20: 17–26, 1983PubMed
SorgerK, GesslerM, HübnerFK, KöhlerH, OlbingH, SchulzW, et al.: Follow-up studies of three subtypes of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis ascertained by renal biopsy. Clin Nephrol27: 111–124, 1987PubMed
JohnstonF, CarapetisJ, PatelMS, WallaceT, SpillaneP: Evaluating the use of penicillin to control outbreaks of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Infect Dis J18: 327–332, 1999PubMed
JohnstonF, CarapetisJ, PatelMS, WallaceT, SpillaneP: Evaluating the use of penicillin to control outbreaks of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Infect Dis J18: 327–332, 1999PubMed)| false
BrodskySV, NadasdyT, Cassol, C, Satoskar, A: IgA staining patterns differentiate between IgA nephropathy and IgA-dominant infection-associated glomerulonephritis, Kidney Int Rep5: 909–911, 2020PubMed
BrodskySV, NadasdyT, Cassol, C, Satoskar, A: IgA staining patterns differentiate between IgA nephropathy and IgA-dominant infection-associated glomerulonephritis, Kidney Int Rep5: 909–911, 2020PubMed)| false
SethiS, FervenzaFC, ZhangY, ZandL, MeyerNC, BorsaN, et al.: Atypical postinfectious glomerulonephritis is associated with abnormalities in the alternative pathway of complement. Kidney Int83: 293–299, 2013PubMed
SethiS, FervenzaFC, ZhangY, ZandL, MeyerNC, BorsaN, : Atypical postinfectious glomerulonephritis is associated with abnormalities in the alternative pathway of complement. Kidney Int83: 293–299, 2013PubMed)| false
ChauvetS, BerthaudR, DevrieseM, MignotetM, Vieira MartinsP, Robe-RybkineT, et al.: Anti-factor B antibodies and acute postinfectious GN in children. J Am Soc Nephrol31: 829–840, 2020PubMed
ChauvetS, BerthaudR, DevrieseM, MignotetM, Vieira MartinsP, Robe-RybkineT, : Anti-factor B antibodies and acute postinfectious GN in children. J Am Soc Nephrol31: 829–840, 2020PubMed)| false
GambleCN, ReardanJB: Immunopathogenesis of syphilitic glomerulonephritis: Elution of antitreponemal antibody from glomerular immune-complex deposits. N Engl J Med292: 449–454, 1975PubMed
Hoshino-ShimizuS, De BritoT, KanamuraHY, CantoAL, SilvaAO, CamposAR, et al.: Human schistosomiasis: Schistosoma mansoni antigen detection in renal glomeruli. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg70: 492–496, 1976PubMed
Hoshino-ShimizuS, De BritoT, KanamuraHY, CantoAL, SilvaAO, CamposAR, : Human schistosomiasis: Schistosoma mansoni antigen detection in renal glomeruli. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg70: 492–496, 1976PubMed)| false
Ali-KhanZ, RauschRL: Demonstration of amyloid and immune complex deposits in renal and hepatic parenchyma of Alaskan alveolar hydatid disease patients. Ann Trop Med Parasitol81: 381–392, 1987PubMed
Ali-KhanZ, RauschRL: Demonstration of amyloid and immune complex deposits in renal and hepatic parenchyma of Alaskan alveolar hydatid disease patients. Ann Trop Med Parasitol81: 381–392, 1987PubMed)| false